What does Envenomation refer to?

Envenomation refers specifically to the process through which venom is introduced into the body through the bite or sting of a venomous creature, leading to potentially harmful toxic effects. This phenomenon is critical in understanding how certain animals, such as snakes, spiders, and certain fish, can affect humans and other animals through their venom. Venom can cause a range of symptoms from mild irritation to severe systemic effects, depending on the type of venom and the amount introduced into the body.

The other options do not accurately capture the definition of envenomation. For example, itching from insect bites focuses on a symptom rather than the action of delivering venom. Similarly, administering medicine refers to a therapeutic action that does not relate to the introduction of toxins. Neutralizing toxins speaks to the process of counteracting harmful effects rather than the act of delivering venom itself. Hence, the choice that aligns with the definition of envenomation is the one relating to the poisonous effects from bites or stings.